Guide to Choosing the Best Sunscreen For Your Skin

It's summer (finally)! But before you go out and have that summer fun, don't forget to put on your sunscreen! 

Why is it important to use sunscreen to protect your skin?

Before diving into what makes the best sunscreen, it's important to understand first the things that we're trying to protect our screen from.

UVA rays are ultraviolet (UV) rays with longer wavelengths that can penetrate deep into the skin, even through glass and clouds. They are responsible for causing premature aging and wrinkles, and can contribute to the development of skin cancer. UVA rays are present throughout the year and can go through windows, making it essential to protect your skin even indoors.

On the other hand, UVB rays have shorter wavelengths and primarily affect the outer layer of the skin. They are the main cause of sunburns and play a significant role in the development of skin cancer. UVB rays are strongest during the summer months and can vary depending on your location and time of day.

When choosing a sunscreen, it's crucial to look for a broad-spectrum sunscreen that provides protection against both UVA and UVB rays. This will ensure that your skin is shielded from the damaging effects of both types of radiation.

What is SPF and why is it important?

Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a crucial element in our daily skincare routine. It acts as a shield against harmful UV rays emitted by the sun. The primary function of SPF is to prevent sunburns, but it offers much more than that. It also prevents wrinkles, skin aging, and skin cancer. With the increasing awareness about the damaging effects of the sun, SPF has become an indispensable part of our lives. 

When we expose our skin to the sun without any protection, the UV rays penetrate the skin's layers, causing damage to the DNA and collagen fibers. This, in turn, leads to the breakdown of elastin, resulting in saggy and wrinkled skin. By creating a barrier on the skin's surface, sunscreen blocks harmful rays and minimizes the risk of skin damage. It's like having a superhero shield for your skin! Moreover, SPF also helps to maintain an even skin tone, preventing formation of dark spots and hyperpigmentation.

With a wide range of SPF options available in the market, it can be both exciting and overwhelming to choose the right one. The effectiveness of SPF in blocking UVB rays varies depending on the level. Sunscreens with lower SPF, such as SPF 15 or 30, provide moderate protection by blocking about 93% to 97% of UVB rays. However, if you want a higher level of protection, opt for sunscreens with SPF 50 or higher. These sunscreens offer a higher degree of effectiveness, blocking around 98% of UVB rays. It is important to note that no sunscreen can provide 100% protection from the sun's harmful rays. Therefore, it is essential to reapply sunscreen every two hours, especially after swimming or excessive sweating. Additionally, it is advisable to seek shade during peak sun hours and wear protective clothing, such as hats and sunglasses, for added protection. 

SPF level based on skin type

When it comes to choosing the right SPF level based on your skin type, it's important to consider factors such as your skin's sensitivity to the sun, your tendency to burn, and your overall risk of developing skin cancer. Here are some general recommendations:

1. Fair or Light Skin: If you have fair or light skin that burns easily and rarely tans, it's recommended to use a sunscreen with a higher SPF level, such as SPF 30 or higher. This will provide added protection against sunburns and reduce the risk of skin damage.

2. Medium or Olive Skin: If you have medium or olive skin that tans easily and rarely burns, a sunscreen with SPF 15 to 30 is generally sufficient. However, if you spend extended periods in the sun or have a higher risk of skin cancer, choose sunscreen with a higher SPF level.

3. Deep or Dark Skin: People with dark or deep skin tones still need protection from the sun, although their natural melanin provides some built-in protection. A sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher is recommended to maintain skin health and prevent sun damage.

4. Sensitive Skin: If you have sensitive skin that easily reacts to sun exposure, it's best to use a sunscreen with a higher SPF level, even if you have a darker skin tone. Look for sunscreens labeled as "hypoallergenic" or "gentle" to minimize the risk of irritation.

Remember, these are general guidelines and everyone's skin is unique. It's always a good idea to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional to choose the best sunscreen for you.

Evaluating the common ingredients

Common sunscreen ingredients include:

1. Zinc oxide or titanium dioxide: These mineral ingredients form a physical barrier on the skin's surface, reflecting and scattering UV rays. Both zinc oxide and titanium dioxide provide broad-spectrum protection and are generally well-tolerated by most types of skin, including acne-prone skin and oily skin.
2. Avobenzone: This chemical ingredient absorbs UVA rays and is commonly used in sunscreens for broad-spectrum protection. However, it can be unstable when exposed to sunlight, so it is often combined with other ingredients to enhance its stability.
3. Octinoxate: This chemical ingredient absorbs UVB rays and is commonly used in sunscreens for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection. It is often combined with other ingredients to enhance its effectiveness.
4. Octisalate: This chemical ingredient absorbs UVB rays and is commonly used in sunscreens for its ability to provide broad-spectrum protection. It is considered safe and effective at low concentrations.
5. Oxybenzone: This chemical ingredient absorbs both UVA and UVB rays and is commonly used in sunscreens for broad-spectrum protection. However, there is some concern about its potential hormonal effects and its impact on coral reefs, so some people prefer to avoid it.

When evaluating sunscreen ingredients, it's important to consider their effectiveness, stability, and safety. Look for sunscreens that contain a combination of active ingredients that provide broad-spectrum protection. Additionally, consider your skin type and any specific concerns or sensitivities you may have. If you have any questions or concerns, consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional for personalized recommendations.

Natural ingredients for sensitive or acne-prone skin

If you have sensitive skin, it might be beneficial to look for sunscreens that contain natural ingredients. Here are some natural ingredients that you might want to look into:

1. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide: As mentioned, both titanium dioxide and zinc oxide form a physical barrier on the skin's surface and is gentle on sensitive skin. It provides broad-spectrum protection and is well-tolerated by most types of skin.
2. Shea butter: Derived from the nuts of the shea tree, shea butter is a natural moisturizer that can help soothe and nourish the skin. It also has some natural sun protection properties, although it should not be relied upon as the sole form of sun protection.
3. Coconut oil: Coconut oil is known for its moisturizing properties and can help keep skin safely hydrated. However, it is important to note that coconut oil alone does not provide sufficient sun protection and should be used in combination with other sunscreens.
4. Green tea extract: Green tea extract contains antioxidants that can help protect the skin from sun damage. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can be beneficial for sensitive skin.

Additionally, consider patch testing the product on a small area of skin before applying it all over your face or body to ensure that it does not cause any irritation or allergic reactions. If you have any concerns or questions, it is always a good idea to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional for personalized advice.

Potential harmful ingredients to avoid

There are some potential harmful ingredients that you may want to avoid when choosing a sunscreen. These include:

1. Oxybenzone: This chemical ingredient has been linked to potential hormonal effects and is also harmful to coral reefs. Some studies suggest that oxybenzone may disrupt the endocrine system and mimic hormones in the body.
2. Octinoxate: Similar to oxybenzone, octinoxate has been found to have harmful effects on coral reefs. It is also a potential skin irritant for some individuals.
3. Retinyl Palmitate: This form of vitamin A, when exposed to sunlight, may increase the risk of skin damage and potential development of skin cancer.
4. Parabens: These preservatives are commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products but have been associated with potential hormone disruption and allergic reactions.

It's important to read the ingredient list and look for sunscreens that are labeled as "paraben-free," "oxybenzone-free," or "reef-safe" if you want to avoid these potentially harmful ingredients. 

Reef-friendly sunscreen

Reef-friendly sunscreen is a must-have for all beach lovers and ocean enthusiasts. Not only does it protect your skin from harmful UV rays, but it also helps to preserve the delicate ecosystem of coral reefs. With its innovative formula, this sunscreen provides effective sun protection while minimizing environmental impact.

The active ingredients in a reef-friendly sunscreen are biodegradable and do not contain oxybenzone or octinoxate, two chemicals known to be harmful to coral reefs. When you pick a sunscreen that's reef-friendly, you can enjoy a day at the beach without worrying about harming the marine life beneath the surface. The application of this sunscreen is easy and convenient, with a lightweight and non-greasy texture that absorbs quickly into the skin. Its long-lasting formula ensures that you stay protected throughout your time in the sun, whether you're swimming, surfing, or simply lounging on the sand. In addition to its reef-friendly properties, this sunscreen is also water-resistant, making it perfect for all your water activities.

Choosing the right form of sunscreen for specific needs

When it comes to choosing the right sunscreen for your specific needs, there are several different types to consider. Each type has its own advantages and considerations, so let's discuss the most common sunscreen types:

1. Lotions: Sunscreen lotions are the most traditional and popular form of sunscreen. They are easy to apply and provide good coverage when evenly spread on the skin. Lotions typically have a thicker consistency, which can be beneficial for dry or sensitive skin as they often contain moisturizing ingredients. They may take a bit longer to absorb into the skin compared to other types.
2. Creams: Sunscreen creams have a similar consistency to lotions but may be slightly thicker and more hydrating. They are suitable for dry or sensitive skin and can provide a moisturizing effect. Creams may take a bit longer to rub in compared to lotions, but they typically offer longer-lasting protection.
3. Sprays: Sunscreen sprays are convenient and easy to apply, making them a popular choice for people on the go or with hairy or hard-to-reach areas. They are typically lightweight and offer quick absorption into the skin. However, it's important to use sprays in a well-ventilated area and avoid inhaling the product. They may not provide as even coverage as lotions or creams, so make sure to apply a sufficient amount and spread it evenly.
4. Sticks: Sunscreen sticks are compact and travel-friendly, making them ideal for targeted application, such as around the eyes or on the lips. They have a solid consistency and glide smoothly onto the skin. Sticks are also less likely to leak or spill, making them a convenient option for outdoor activities. However, they may not provide as widespread coverage as lotions or creams, so consider using them in combination with other sunscreen forms.

How to apply sunscreen properly?

Proper application and reapplication of sunscreen are essential to ensure maximum protection from harmful UV rays. Here are step-by-step instructions on how to put on sunscreen correctly:

1. Start with clean skin: Make sure your skin is clean and dry before applying sunscreen. Remove any dirt, sweat, or oil from the skin by washing your face and body with a gentle cleanser.
2. Choose the right amount: Most experts recommend using about 1 ounce (or a shot glass full) of sunscreen to cover your entire body. Adjust the amount accordingly if you're only applying it to specific areas.
3. Put sunscreen before going outside: It's important to put on sunscreen at least 15–30 minutes before sun exposure to allow it to fully absorb into the skin.
4. Start with your face: Begin by applying sunscreen to your face, including your forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin. Gently massage it into the skin using upward motions. Be sure to cover your entire face, including the often-neglected areas like the ears and neck.
5. Move to your body: Put sunscreen to your arms, legs, chest, back, and any other exposed areas. If using a lotion or cream, pour a generous amount onto your palm and rub it between your hands to warm it up. Then, apply it to your skin using long, sweeping motions. Make sure to cover every part of your body, including hard-to-reach areas.
6. Don't forget your lips, nose, and ears: These areas are often susceptible to sunburn, so use a lip balm with SPF, and don't forget to cover your nose and ears with sunscreen as well.
7. Reapply every two hours: Sunscreen effectiveness diminishes over time, especially when exposed to sunlight, sweat, or water. Reapply sunscreen every two hours or more frequently if you're sweating, swimming, or towel drying. Don't forget to reapply sunscreen to all exposed areas, including your face, body, and any other areas that may have come into contact with water or sweat.
8. Use additional protection: Sunscreen is just one part of sun protection. Remember to seek shade when the sun is at its strongest, wear protective clothing like hats and sunglasses, and limit your exposure during peak hours (usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.).

Adding sunscreen to your skincare routine

Now we've talked about the importance of wearing sunscreen everyday, the next question you may have is: how do I add it to my skin care routine?

First things first, make sure you choose a sunscreen with a high SPF to provide maximum protection. Next, try mixing your sunscreen with your moisturizer or foundation to create a convenient two-in-one product. This will save you time and effort, and ensure that you never forget to apply sunscreen again.

Another tip is to keep travel-sized bottles of sunscreen in your bag or car, so you can easily reapply throughout the day. And don't forget about those often neglected areas, like your ears, neck, and hands. These areas are just as susceptible to sun damage, so be sure to give them some extra love and protection.

Lastly, make it a habit to wear sunscreen every day, before you even leave the house. This way, you'll start your day off right and ensure that your skin stays healthy and radiant.